EMPOWERING WOMEN IN THE LABOUR MARKET
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EMPOWERING WOMEN IN THE LABOUR MARKET ...
ON THE ROAD FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN PALESTINE
Low Participation Rate for Women
Big Gap in the Participation Rate of Labor Force between Men and Women in Palestine
The participation rate increased significantly in Palestine during the period from 2015- 2019, participation of men is four times higher than Participation of women.
One Third of Graduated Women are Outside Labour Force
Most Palestinian Women are out of the labour market
Women are often excluded from employment opportunities where the Palestinian labour market is small and is much smaller for women
Palestine faces a real issue related to unemployment rate, lack of opportunities in a small limited labour market with a large unemployment gap between men and women.
Palestinian women, and through the years suffered from a very low participation rate, which did not exceed than 18% in its best case.There are around 1.5 million Palestinian women within the working age population; about 1.2 million, including:
o 47% under 30
o 60% married
o 62% outside the labour market due to house work
o 23% outside the labour market due to study/ training
o 88% have less than diploma
o 12% with diploma or more degree
o 45% have 10-12 years of schooling
More than One Third of Graduated Women Who Hold Associate Diploma and Above are Outside Labour Force
More than one third of graduated women who hold associate diploma certificate and above were outside labour force
41% of graduates women who hold associate diploma certificate and above in 2019 were outside labour force compared with 16% graduated men who hold associate diploma certificate and above.
One Third of Graduated Women Who Hold Associate Diploma and Above are Outside the Labour Force
The highest rate of graduated women outside labour force among:
o Personal services specialist was 64%
o Law specialist was 54%
o Business and Administration specialist was 50.0%
While the lowest rate among graduated women outside labour force:
o Architectural and construction specialist was 26%
o Health Personal services specialist was 30%
o Engineering and engineering occupations specialist 31%
The Unemployment Dilemma in Palestine
The revised unemployment rate increased significantly in Palestine during the period from 2015- 2019 from 23% in 2015 to 25% in 2019, with obvious differences between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, almost one third of the Palestinians aged 15 years and above were unemployed
Unemployment Rates in Palestine
Unemployment rates vary between the West Bank and Gaza Strip but are high for both.
The Gaza Strip suffers from an unemployment dilemma.
Unemployment Rate among Women is High
Unemployment rate among women is higher than men:
The revised unemployment rate among women who participated in the labour force increased from 34% in 2015 to reach 41% in 2019, while among men the rate increased from 20% in 2015 to 21% in 2019, which clearly noticed the gap between women and men in this regard noting that it is high for both.
Women Unemployment Rate
The unemployment rate for women is the highest in Dier Al-Balah governorate at 69%, followed by Khan Younis 67%, where the lowest unemployment rate is for women in Salfit governorate at 15% followed by Jerusalem governorate at 18%
Young Women Unemployment Rate
Youth have high unemployment rate, and young women suffer more than young men.
Graduated Women Unemployment Rate
Youth have high unemployment rate, and young women suffer more than young men, New graduates face many constraints and challenges. Data showed that youth graduates have high unemployment rates reached 53% in 2019 but it is especially higher for youth women reaching 68%. In addition, there is a gap between the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
The highest unemployment rates among graduated women 15 years and above:
- Journalism and Information was 69%
- Social and Behavioral Science 54%
- Teacher training and education science was 50%
- Architectural and Construction was 49%
- Business and Administration was 48%
The lowest unemployment rates among graduated women 15 years and above:
- Personal services was 17%
- Mathematics and statistics was 32%
- Law was 35%
Years of Schooling
Unemployment increased sharply between individuals with higher years of schooling
The highest unemployment rate registered among individuals with 13 years of schooling and more. The rate increased from 27% in 2015 to 30% in 2019, while the lowest unemployment rate registered among individuals who had not completed one year of schooling, the rate increased from 11% in 2015 to 19% in 2019.
A gender gap of unemployment according to years of schooling
Revised Unemployment rate among women with 13 years of schooling and more increased from 44% in 2015 to 47% in 2019; while it increased for men from 17% to 19% during the same period.
Women by Refugee Status
Refugee women have a higher unemployment rate than refugee men and even non-refugee women
Unemployment rates among refugee women increased from 41% in 2015 to 51% in 2019 while for refugee men the rate increased from 25% to 28% during the same period.
Unemployment rates for non-refugee women reached 33% in 2019 compared to 29% in 2015, while non-refugee men unemployment rates reached 17%.
Women revised unemployment rate in urban area reached 42%, in the rural area 28%, and in the refugee camps, it reached 55%.
Unemployment among Women with Difficulties is the Highest
According to census data 2017, about 72% is the unemployment rate among participated women in the labour force with difficulties; compared to 62% for women without difficulties in the age (15-29); which insure that labour market is really challenging for young people especially in the Gaza Strip where it reached 90% for participated women in the labour force with difficulties, and 84% for women without difficulties.
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2020 -Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
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